children’s picture books

Picture books are intended to demo kids how to deduce pleasance from reading. They fuse humourous secret plans with capturing illustrations in order to keep the attending of the kid. The add-on of images can increase the length of service of a book ‘s involvement ; they are designed to be read over and over once more and therefore the kid needs to be provided with something more than a simplistic plot line. Picture books besides encourage verbal interaction and reading aloud with a parent in order to develop a kid ‘s assurance before the inevitable ‘reading aloud ‘ lessons at school. Verbal sleight is an of import accomplishment to develop and regards literacy. The function of illustrations in this medium is chiefly to supply excess stimulation although, like music and wordss, they each become every bit of import as the other. Some writers are synonymous with illustration manners such as Roald Dahl and Quentin Blake who form a cohesive force in stimulating lit erature for older kids. It is in this very stimulation that the function of image books in the development of literacy can genuinely be seen. Art and literature are effectual signifiers of look, which can be combined to great consequence to better apprehension, and as E.M. Forster pondered â€Å"How can I know what I think until I see what I say? † The resistance to visualize books, a apparently unoffending artistic enterprise to the untrained oculus, is surprisingly fierce. Protheroe ( 1992, p.7 ) considers image books the â€Å"banner at the caput of the present relentless patterned advance towards educational failure† which originated to stamp down the vocabulary of the working categories. She voices concern that by supplying kids with images they are being discouraged to visualize things for themselves ; their imaginativeness is stunted. Yet, a John Vernon Lord explains in his talk, the bulk of his images are born from his imaginativeness instead than from life so how could something so innately inventive dissuade similar idea? In add-on, even with the most apparently basic of image books, such as Rosie's Walk, there is ever something else to add. For illustration, Rosie ‘s Walk, has apparently small secret plan ( it is a affair of pages long and merely accounts a biddy walking through a farmyard ) nevertheless, the images provide a whole new kingdom of possibility for the imaginativeness. Although Rosie does non interact with any other animate beings, she passes several, many of whom witness the trials of the fox. As a kid surveies the images they can contrive reactions and full lives for the sub-characters. The toads are sent winging as the fox muffs and dips into the pool – did the toads think this was ill-mannered? Did the fox apologise? The caprine animal who grazes by the hayhock is seen in the background of a ulterior scene, watching the fox acquire struck by the falling flour – was the caprine animal amused? Concerned for Rosie? Vernon Lord and Burroway demonstrate a acute oculus for item and supply the kid with an chance to believe outside the information with which they are ab initio presented. This is particularly true of a brief narrative like Rosie ‘s Walk as the kid will about surely grow accustomed to the secret plan after several readings and expression for other stimulation in the narrative. In direct contrast to Protheroe ‘s concerns, it seems that images, used skilfully, could in fact promote a higher degree of shrewdness from a kid who would hold long become tired of the few words in Rosie ‘s Walk if it lacked images. However, to assume that a image book may be wholly simplistic or patronize the potency of a kid possibly underestimates the writer. For illustration, in Rosie ‘s Walk, the kid is placed in a senior place of cognition in comparing to the supporter. Hutchins credits the reader as the omniscient being while Rosie remains blissfully incognizant of her chaser. The comedy of this narrative besides provides many degrees. On the surface, there is the authoritative slapstick comedy as the fox collides with a profligate. Slapstick creates the instantaneous temper and entreaties to child-like love of anticing in both kid and grownup. But it is non merely physical comedy. The shutting line â€Å"and got back place safely† creates humour out of anticlimax every bit good as alleviation. The narrative is tenseness built upon tenseness with the consecutive quandaries reminiscent of the subsequent Wile E. Coyote and Roadrunner sketchs created by Warner Brothers in which a famished prairie wolf pursues a fast paced bird with progressively luxuriant stunts in each episode but to no help. However, this construction seems more suited to the image book as even the action of turning the page drives the narrative and dictates a slower gait. The pages serve as a splitter, making little succinct scenes which help construct the beds before the flood tide . The interesting construction is rooted in this integrity of several unsafe scenes married with the shutting line which, like Rosie, seems incognizant that there was of all time any danger. Similarly, John Vernon Lord explains the importance of the coaction between text and image arrangement in his talk sing The Giant Jam Sandwich: †¦ when text and image are depicting the same episode in the narrative I prefer to implement their physical relationship by puting them on the same page wherever possible. The interruptions in the text and the pictural presentation on each page need to follow the natural phases of the plot line. The tempo of the illustrations with the narrative is of the extreme importance†¦ This demonstrates how the narrative, text and image intertwine, congratulating one another in both manner and gait, to make a whole. This will be explored in greater deepness later. The most basic rule of image books is to advance literacy by doing books more appealing to kids. By doing the books non merely visually luring, but by supplying images to help less able readers, literature is made all the more accessible. Cullingford ( 1998, p.12-13 ) recognises that those kids who struggle with reading ab initio can experience like failures at a really immature age which can consequence their relationship with reading for life. They can get down to see literature as sole. By supplying kids with familiar image narratives instead than confusing cuneuss of text, they can slowly construct the foundation for a love of reading which, as their assurance improves, will actuate them to near more â€Å"unreliable† , disputing tomes in ulterior life. Bettina Hurlimann expresses her position that images are the cosmopolitan linguistic communication and therefore embrace all kids irrespective of academic ability or linguistic communication: by optimising handiness kids wi ll hold a healthier relationship with books. Protheroe ( 1992 p.111 ) accepts the premiss of the image book to publicize reading a enjoyable but besides accuses this peculiar avenue of denying the potency of books and linguistic communication by proposing that words merely have one significance. This, nevertheless, seems a small dramatic. Picture books aimed at 0-5 twelvemonth olds larning to read make frequently merely have one significance, any more than that is normally directed at the grownup. For illustration, in The Giant Jam Sandwich the town of Rubing Down is described as â€Å"not a really bristly town† . As they have merely rid themselves of 1000s of WASP, the kid will take that subdivision to intend that the town did non appreciate being overrun by WASP ; they were non pro-wasps. It is improbable that a kid under five would be familiar with the â€Å"petulantly spiteful† definition of bristly but the grownup might deduce some pleasance from the word drama. Hunt ( 1991, p.175 ) accepts and admires the si mpleness of the linguistic communication but feels that â€Å"much of the complexness is expressed by the ocular elements† . He suggests that literary techniques such as metaphor can be much more efficaciously demonstrated through the usage of images although, like Protheroe, he does admit the subsequent hazard that it â€Å"fix [ Es ] words into a restrictive, everyday interpretation† go forthing the kid no room to leave their ain significance onto words ; there is no room for tactic. The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle, in which a caterpillar munches his manner through a regular assortment of tasty dainties, chows two pears. The drama on the word â€Å"pair† and â€Å"pear† was about surely non intended for the three twelvemonth old but instead the individual assisting them to read. In add-on, this peculiar volume can be seen to integrate non merely verbal sleight but mathematical and elements of natural scientific discipline. The caterpillar chows an increasing figure of nutrients, which employs basic numeracy, and later transforms into a chrysalis, so into a butterfly as is the natural order. It seems that without images, this might be a difficult construct to explicate to a really immature kid. The vocabulary required with no ocular assistance might be rather burdensome and estranging ( non least due to the word chrysalis! ) and therefore the images make it a more accessible impression. As Hunt ( 1991, p.176 ) competently notes, it allows u s to â€Å"cross the boundary between the verbal and the pre-verbal† . It allows kids to progress in other capable countries at a younger age. However, Protheroe ( 1992, p.74 ) would reason that kids need to larn to get by with â€Å"uncertainty and accept ambiguity† as it allows them to rehearse illation. Hunt ( 1991, p.181 ) seems to experience that there is a happy medium, nevertheless, in which significance is limited but non prescribed. He feels that this is applicable to both images and words as each signifier can be used in a manner which is stilted or one that opens the floodgates of reading and creativeness. As Hunt ( 1991, p. 185 ) attests the â€Å"absence of words would hold provided a ‘gap' which takes intelligence and imaginativeness to fill† every bit would the absence of images ; working together, both serve their intent. Jane Doonan expresses the importance that pictures talk for themselves and non merely reenforce the words and this impression is the thought of the image book versus that of the illustrated narrative. Moebius ( 1986, p.132 ) articulates that â€Å"in the image book, we read the images and text together as the reciprocally complementary narrative of consciousness† with the â€Å"story ‘behind ‘ the image frequently supplied by the illustrator. He expresses certainty that image books are like any signifier of literature: â€Å" [ the construction ] is non inadvertent or causeless phenomena† . Every word and every coppice shot have a intent. Edmund Evans pioneered the entire design of the image book, doing it a individual cohesive mechanism instead than merely some text with some images. This dichotomy can be seen in The Giant Jam Sandwich in which most of the scenes depict the full town. The moral of the narrative is less to make with the nuisance of WASP and more about community spirit and working together. For this ground, John Vernon Lord has ensured that the bulk of the colorful scenes incorporate most of the town, each making their occupation: from the little miss with pigtails heaving one little jar of jam along ; to the adult male crouching, seeking to acquire a exposure of the bread transit for descendants. It is these bantam inside informations that engage the kid clip after clip – every bit good as the grownup. John Vernon Lord criticises his ain work in his talk, nevertheless, claiming â€Å"with hindsight I feel that the color strategy adopted for these images is excessively similar throughout the book† and it is with changeless fluctuation and bustling images that a kid becomes entranced. However, the images do non hold to be busy to be exciting. Rosie ‘s Walk employs apparently simplistic illustrations and, although attending is paid to the background action, the focal point is far more on the fox and the biddy. These two characters are at the head of most of the scenes with the on occasion cameo from characters, such as the caprine animal, who hover in the background. This, like in The Giant Jam Sandwich, mimics the content of the piece which is really self-contained about Rosie ‘s motions. She does non prosecute with the other characters and neither does the text. The manner is besides much more fantastical with the big overdone ears of the fox and the bold usage of coloring material contrasts. The vivacious yellows and pinks clash in the most aesthetically delighting manner which provides ocular stimulation for the kid. They are unusual color combinations, new and challenging. Similarly, the bulblike trees are decorated with apples in regimented lines instead than the natural sporadic sprinkling ; the all right line between faithful readings of familiar images with phantasy has been attractively encapsulated. Furthermore The Sick Cow, by H.E. Todd and Val Biro, follow all the hushed browns of a arcadian Eden. Of the three books, this is the most ‘realistic ‘ in manner as The Giant Jam Sandwich shies from excessively much facial item with the concentration being on big, busy scenes. Biro specializes in item from the pace of the tractor tyres to the mane of the Equus caballus although allows the background leaf to film over into rural repose. Queerly, nevertheless, despite being the most visually ‘naturalistic ‘ , its content is possibly the most irregular covering, as it does, the complaints of a barking cow who is cured by sitting in some nettles. However, in The Sick Cow, although the images attractively capture the provincial scenery, they do basically exemplify the text. There is no sense, as Moebius ( 1986, p.137 ) demands, of the â€Å"unseen over the seen† as with Rosie ‘s Walk. The same could, possibly, be said of The Giant Jam Sandwich ; the di fference being that, in the latter, there is merely lots to see. Fisher ( 2005, p. 192 ) rallies the benefits of exposing kids to images as â€Å"art can assist assimilation by developing perceptual sensitiveness and favoritism through the survey of signifier, coloring material, form and texture† . This suggests that the blurring in The Sick Cow or the plangency of The Giant Jam Sandwich could supply stimulation which specifically develops the academic capacity of the kid. Pat Hutchins, writer of Rosie ‘s Walk, is besides responsible for The House That Sailed Away and I ‘m the King of the Castle: and Other Plaies for Children which are far wordier illustrations of kids ‘s literature, set out as dramas. Blythe ( 2005, p.82 ) notes that promoting kids to joint is important for development every bit vocal experience supports larning by integrating linguistic communication into the ego. Similar encouragement can be seen in the direct address in The Giant Jam Sandwich every bit good as the animate being noises in The Sick Cow. Learning is believed to be received through the senses and therefore books which encourage verbal interaction are good as are image books which engage the ocular sense. In add-on to art and vocal experience, music is considered to be a powerful tool in mental well being and larning showing that stimulation is non restricted to literature entirely. It can be found in a figure of artistic chases. Tame ( 1984 ) lineations Dr. Tartchanoff ‘s scientific surveies into the consequence of music observing that â€Å"music exercises a powerful influence on muscular activity†¦ sounds are dynamogenic† and the pacing of stone music, for illustration, can be damaging to the digestive system. This physical manifestation is seconded by Blythe ( 2005, p. 82 ) who covers the neurological alterations when people sing or speak as a group: †¦ the cardinal nervous system activity becomes synchronal†¦ emphasis endocrines lessening, musculus tenseness decreases, more O enters the system. They feel high ; have a certain lucidity of head and sometimes physical vision†¦ Taking into history the ‘reading aloud together ‘ facet of image books which, harmonizing to this research, stimulates the encephalon for physical wellbeing every bit good as the work on animal acquisition, the image book is potentially an indispensable acquisition tool. Taking this thought farther, the lyrical nature of many image books should besides be noted. For illustration, The Giant Jam Sandwich employs rigorous pair rhyme strategy: †¦ Bap gave the instructions for the devising of the dough. â€Å"Mix the flour from above and yeast from below. Salt from the seaboard, H2O from the spout. Now thump it! Bump it! Bang it about! †¦ Even if this technique is non straight mentioned to the kid, it is transfusing cognition of beat into their subconscious. This could act upon a love of music which, harmonizing to Dr. Tartchanoff, could be good – depending on the genre. If it developed into a passion for group singing so Blythe surely notes the increased potency for acquisition, modeling the head to a relaxed province of peace and preparedness. If nil else, the poetry makes the narrative flow and engages the senses – which kid would non bask fall ining in with those jussive moods? In the chase of animal stimulation, The Very Hungry Caterpillar can be seen to assail the ocular sense and that of touch. The thick pages display the holes through which the caterpillar has eaten. The kid can jab fingers through the spread and experience as if the narrative is unknoting before their eyes. This is a really tame illustration compared to the modern books which employ sound effects and downy spots. Where does it stop? Books on which the kid can hold a nibble? Possibly the sight of reading itself is being lost in favor of instant satisfaction as is the nature of our society. One must oppugn if this affairs every bit long as kids are being engaged in literature in some manner. And whose face did non light up at the sight of a pop-up book? Making larning merriment and interactive is no new phenomena and should non needfully be seen as endangering. Peter Hollindale ( 1997, p.75 ) has faith that â€Å"children take from a narrative what they want and need† so possibly our changeless use of animal stimulation is ineffectual. Some kids may merely be predisposed to reading and others non regardless of whether books have images. It may merely be a instance of fostering bing endowment by orienting larning to the demands of the single kid. Protheroe ( 1992, p.48-49 ) has farther concerns that image books can be damaging to the development of a kid ‘s memory. She argues that it has â€Å"long been established that in human linguistic communication lexical use involves a nexus between a symbol and a construct, non a symbol and referent† ( p.73 ) . She cites that Bower and Winzenz conducted trials which linked memory to active find and word picture. Although there is a school of idea which rejects the thought that image books stunt imaginativeness, Bower and Winzenz ‘s findings can non be dismissed. Picture books work on the rule of memory association. One of the purposes, every bit good as general stimulation, is to supply the kid with a word and an image which they can associate in their encephalon so that the word and its significance will be easier to retain. Bower and Winzenz suggest that by striping the kid the personal image creative activity, the nexus with their memory will be broken. Word and image association is a common manner to beef up memory keeping as is repeat or the usage of active imaginativeness: using a personal image to what the word signifies to you. There are many recommended alteration techniques because memory plants otherwise from individual to individual and therefore Protheroe may be right in some instances but it seems prudent to presume that image association will besides assist some kids when larning to read. After such drawn-out treatment about the importance of stimulating and progressing the cognition of a kid comes Alfred Adler ( 1998, p.181 ) and his sentiment to encompass the simpleness of kids ‘s books. He recognises that to seek and speed up the acquisition of a kid at a immature age can be counter-productive: â€Å"All mentally indigestible mush ought to be kept out of kids ‘s reading until they have reached a certain age of adulthood. Unsuitable literature may either be misunderstood, or it may restrict developing societal interest† . While Protheroe flies the flag for reading, Adler highlights the possible booby traps of such a stance: the hazard of misconstruing taking to fear or disaffection. And possibly Adler high spots an interesting point about the aging procedure. Betty Friedan ( 1993, p. 50 & A ; p.74 ) explains that societal research has indicated that those who show the most doggedness in keeping on to the values they developed in childhood were mos t susceptible to mental instability later in life. This links with Freud ‘s theories of the importance of childhood and the in which people develop much of their personality really quickly in childhood and subsequent alterations in maturity are frequently no more than superficial. By rushing up this procedure even more by showing kids with progressively complex literature before they have reached that â€Å"certain age of maturity† that Adler alludes to, kids might develop excessively rapidly before they are ready to understand the branchings therefore seting them in a vulnerable psychological place in their grownup old ages. Conversely, if Freud ‘s theories about the importance of childhood development are to be subscribed to, it would besides be unsafe to stunt a child's cognition and understanding at such a important clip in their psychological growing. As Moebius ( 1986 ) notes, the image book should be preserved as â€Å"the last frontier of innocence† and, as such, should non be corrupted by being held under inordinate examination. In the chase of literacy the importance of stimulation must be stressed. An active encephalon will advance literacy or, at least, a thirst for instruction whether that is artistic, mathematical or scientific. Literacy is achieved through developing kids with a healthy relationship with books, whether they grow up to read Crime and Punishment or with a preference for Mills and Boone ; to implement a literary hierarchy would be a presentation of snobbism and artistic ignorance. Literacy is independent from the literary canon. Denying kids colorful images besides seems to propose that ocular art is non every bit valuable as literature which is likewise imbalanced. Children should larn that art is about equality and, although they can encompass their preferable medium, they should non dismiss other signifiers of look or see them inadequate. Uniting literature with images demonstrates the manner in which art signifiers can efficaciously interact. Art signifiers are non sole. Furthermore, if employing images to capture a kid besides inexplicably entwines their head with the text so, what is the injury? Many grownups reserve a particular topographic point in their Black Marias for their childhood front-runners: from Noddy to The Very Jolly Postman ; from The Mr. Men books to The Velvetine Rabbit: their love of reading may be pinpointed to these really personal businesss. It seems unjust to deny immature readers of today these warm, fuzzed memories of bright amusing images and exciting colorss for fright of patronizing them. Children should be allowed to be kids before the age of five instead than invariably forcing them to develop more quickly – if they are ready to progress so that could be nurtured on an single footing. The fact is, with kids, with people even, the manner in which a head works varies from individual to individual so it seems ineffectual to order an overall right or incorrect on image books. The matrimony of text and images will trip the imaginativeness of some kids while others will deduce stimulation from building clay pies in the garden. Modern kids shoul d non be robbed of the colors of artlessness ; even if the modern colors of artlessness come in the signifier of The Tweenies.

Pollution Summary Essay

What is Air Pollution? The air we breathe supplies the oxygen that sustains life. Humans need oxygen to survive, and plants and animals need oxygen to survive. Our air supply has become contaminated by human activity. We have created machinery that has produced smog and acid rain. We have created a green house effect and have made holes in our ozone layer. Each of these acts can cause serious health problems for humans and animals, and can cause grave harm to our vegetation and ecosystems. There are seven main types of air pollutants. Raven (2008) describes them as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons, ozone, air toxics, and carbon oxides. Particulate matter can come from dust, soil, soot, and asbestos Nitrogen oxides come from gasses that are produced by chemical interactions between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen. Sulfur oxides come from chemical interactions between sulfur and oxygen. Hydrocarbons come from chemical interactions between hydrogen and carbon. Ozone comes in two forms; (1) oxygen’s reaction with UV radiation in the stratosphere and, (2) oxygen reaction in the troposphere what creates smog. Air toxics can be radioactive substances, fluorides, and hydrochloric acid, and carbon oxides are carbon monoxide and dioxide. Causes of Air Pollution Chemicals, human sources, and natural sources contribute to air pollution. Air pollution can be traced all the way back to Ancient Roman times. â€Å"Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. † (Caroline, David, Michael, Mindy, Neil, and Vikas, 1999, The Environment: A Global Challenge. Air Pollution). Air pollution occurs in the atmosphere and can move easily from one location to another, it is a global concern. Air pollution is a problem both outdoors and inside homes. Chemicals There are seven main types of air pollutants according to a regulatory perspective. These are: particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, ozone, and air toxics. Particulate matter is made of thousands of solid and liquid particles hanging in the atmosphere. Solid particulate matter is commonly known as dust; whereas as liquid articulate matter is known as mist. Particulate matter includes the following pollutants: soot, lead, asbestos, soil particles, sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets. Nitrogen oxides are gases produced as a result of interaction between nitrogen and oxygen involves a supply of energy such as combustion of fuels resulting in high temperatures. Sulfur oxides are gases. These gases are a result of a chemical interaction between sulfur and oxygen. When combined with water, the result is sulfuric acid. Carbon oxides consist of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide has no color, smell, or taste and is second as an air pollutant only to carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is also does not have color, smell, or taste and is a greenhouse gas. Hydrocarbons consist are a varied collection of organic compounds including hydrogen and carbon. Small hydrogen molecules are gaseous at room temperature. Hydrocarbons include methane (colorless and odorless gas principally included in natural gas), benzene (which is a liquid at room temperature), and paraffin (which is a solid at room temperature). Ozone is a form of oxygen that is a pollutant in one area of the atmosphere but essential in another area of the atmosphere. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) consist of hundreds of other air pollutants such as chlorine, lead, hydrochloric acid, formaldehyde, radioactive substances, and fluorides. Humans Many chemicals that cause air pollution exist naturally in our world. These chemicals are harmful in both their natural form; however, become even more harmful when burned by humans for fuel, heat, or electricity. The two main causes of air pollutants in urban areas are transportation and fuel combustion from stationary sources. The stationary sources are heating and cooling for buildings and coal-burning power plants. Vehicles such as cars, trains, heavy-duty trucks, and airplanes, produce high amounts of carbon dioxide while fuel combustion produces high amounts of sulfur dioxide. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) â€Å"are man-made compounds that were originally developed in 1930 as a safer alternative to the refrigerants then in use such as sulfur dioxide and ammonia.

Difference between Beneficence and Nonmaleficence with Examples Coursework

Difference between Beneficence and Nonmaleficence with Examples - Coursework Example In contrast, the aspect of nonmaleficence signifies refraining physicians to provide ineffective treatments to the patients. The concept of beneficence is recognized as a core value of healthcare ethics. Nevertheless, it is regarded as a principle of delivering proper healthcare services to the patients. Beneficence has the potentiality to provide enough support to the healthcare experts in the context of preventing the patients from any sort of harm. On the other hand, the principle of nonmaleficence is used as guidance for the physicians while treating the patients. At certain times, the beneficial therapy or beneficence can also provide harm to the patients and make them to face serious risks (Hsu, 2011). For instance, a nurse may encourage a patient to quit smoking and start an exercise program, which can be related to beneficence practice. On the other hand, a nurse may also make patients to stop consuming medicines that can be harmful for them in long run. This practice is related to nonmaleficence action (Hsu, 2011).

Management Work and Society People, Management and Business Essay

Management Work and Society People, Management and Business - Essay Example The structure of this paper is as follows. In the next section, the main arguments on the gendered nature of the organization are presented. This section is further divided into a number of subsections. The first subsection discusses the ways in which occupational mobility is important for women, and how it influences the organizations. Issues of the way in which lack of mobility can lead to gender pay differences are also discussed. In the next subsection, the aspects of gender and ethnic makeup of the senior management are discussed. It is noted that the type of senior management present in an organization will influence the kind of people who are hired. The third subsection discusses the ways in which pay differential is a key determinant in the gendering of the organizational environment. The next subsection discusses the implications of education on the nature of the organization. It is established that the organization is highly influenced the type of education which is availab le to the employees, and that women are generally less educated which decreases their chances at getting to the higher levels of management in the organization. The final subsection takes all these issues into account, and is a philosophical discussion on the ways in which a gendered policy is suitable for an organization working in a competitive market environment. This paper concludes that although there is some evidence that the gendered nature of organization is changing, however significant further progress needs to be made before organizations can call them self gender neutral. 2 Discussion & Review of Literature A great deal has been written about the organizational careers and the ways in which gender influences it (Barry et al., 2006, Belfield, 2005, Charles and Harris, 2007, Deem, 2003). Many of the studies on gender and women in management have established that satisfaction level of women working in organizations in UK and elsewhere is lower (Smith, 2009) because of j ob discrimination, difficulties in work-life balance (Charles and Harris, 2007), and poor attitude of management (MarTins and Parsons, 2007). The issues of gender in women, especially within the UK context has been debated in the literature for a long time, and has been a subject of controversy and debate (McDowell, 2005, Metcalfe, 2008). 2.1 Occupational Mobility One of the key issues facing women working in professional environment is occupational mobility. The circumstances under which women can choose or refuse promotions, new work environments and other key changes in the nature of the job are the key turning points in the career of women (Berg and Einspruch, 2007, Guillaume and Pochic, 2009, Tomlinson, 2006). A number of authors are of the view that careers of women are conceived as a set of adjustments to their family lives, which negatively affects their working relationships (Charles and Har

Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on Essay

Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on Foreigners in Their Native Land - Essay Example Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on â€Å"Foreigners in Their Native Land† The first component of the chapter looked at the war against Mexico where foreigners taking over the land of Mexico turned around to be lords of the land and battled the original natives of the land. Essentially, the writer used this part of the chapter to drum home the unfortunate beginning of racial supremacy in the American continent.Further on in the chapter, there is a discussion on the entrenched position taken by the English to conquer at all cost, as a refusal to do that makes them robbers. The final part of the chapter discusses the outcome of the fight, which was an obvious win for the strangers, occupying and conquering at the same time because of their ideological supremacy. Chapter 12 It is more like it is in this chapter that the effect of the struggle that had gone on between the Mexicans and the English was discussed. This is because part of the chapter looked at how the English lived with the Mexicans there after the war. In the chapter, we are told of how right afte r the war, the Mexicans were made to further sprinkle the field with the sweat of their brows because they were captured as servants and slaves in their own land. But after a while, there were mixed marriages, which became an era of coherent living. But in most cases of these marriages, it was observed that the eventual benefactors of the marriages were the English. This is because they were the ones who married Mexican women and subjected them and their male offspring to hard labor. Pages 361-367 Among the many mixtures of people from different geographic backgrounds who had come to be part of the American nation as Americans were the Mexicans, who according to the writer, were mainly found in the area of presidio of Tucson from 1773 and seeking protection against the Apaches. But throughout the pages 361 to 367 of the book, the writer brings out some key characteristics of these people, who became known as the Mexican Americans. Typically, the Mexican Americans are identified to b e battling inferiority complex as they search for an identity. This search was supposed to be an expected event because these people, who were originally from Mexico where not being offered the opportunity to be live by the very native nature and identity that they bore (Gramsci, 1971). Pages 426-433 In what may be referred to as a typical conclusion, the writer finishes the book with an admonition for change and empowerment. This is because throughout the book, acts of identity misplacement and misplaced priorities had plagued most people who otherwise should have been in the position to stand very firm and defended what belonged to them. From page 426 to 433, the focus of the writer was on Mexico, whom he labeled as being the Beckoned North. The Mexicans were classified as being beckoned because of the indication they had started giving to people from other backgrounds who had suffered similar things as they suffered. In comparison to the African Americans, the writer saw the Mexi cans as being able to take their own destinies in their hands much quickly and making amends for themselves. Journal Entry 8: Kaleidoscope Pages 31-47 These are pages where the story of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca is told from de Vaca’s own perspective and according to his original narratives. Generally, de Vaca tells the story of his life and other people as they made expedition through the New World in 1527 in what became known as the Narvaez expedition. As one of only four survivors, the story is revisited as a message to the current world of the power in a determing power to endure. This is because even though de Vaca had gone through several trialing times including being a slave, he could eventually wait for that new reconnection with Spanish

The Dramatic Form and Riders to the Sea Research Paper

The Dramatic Form and Riders to the Sea - Research Paper Example he reader a more diverse set of characters because other than the protagonist and antagonist, characters such as the minor character, stock character, foil, and confidant are present in a drama. In Riders to the Sea, the following characters are identified: Maurya (protagonist), Bartley and The Sea (antagonist), Cathleen (Minor Character), The Priest (Foil; while this character was never actually present in the play, references to him show that his approaches differ from Maurya’s), and Nora (stock character). Moreover, while the reader discovers each character as the piece progresses, they are immediately identified at the start of a dramatic piece. The same can be said about the setting of the drama, which is explicitly stated at the start of every scene. Another common element in a drama is the soliloquy made by the characters. A soliloquy is the speech given by one of the characters that is directed to the audience (Styan, 1960). One of the most powerful soliloquies of Ride rs to the Sea is that of Maurya’s towards the end when she was quite not sure whether to follow Patch’s or Michael’s

Understanding Organisation Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding Organisation Development - Essay Example Organization Development (OD) is a planned effort to increase the overall effectiveness of an organization by changing the existing beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of the organizations. It is not possible for an organization to stick with the conventional methods in a world which undergoes rapid changes, literally in every second. This paper briefly explains the importance of organization development in a changing world. There are no organized or standard definitions for organization Development because of the vast areas it covers. ODportal.com defined organization development as changing people and organizations for positive growth (ODportal.com, n. d). Gallos defined OD as an effort; planned, organization- wide, and managed from the top to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization’s process using behavioural science knowledge (Gallos, 2006, p.1). People or the workforce is the backbone of every organization. Even though other resources like materials, machines and money are important for an organization, all these resources are controlled by the manpower and the importance of manpower cannot be underestimated in development of an organization. People or the workforce is undergoing constant changes every day. The requirement of the current generation is different from that of ancient generation. Science and technology has developed a lot and the life styles and the living standards were also changed a lot. Based on the changing workforce and changing customers or consumers, organizational principles also need changes. Organizational culture, climate, attitude, behaviour, structure etc need to be changed or updated in order to meet the demands of the changing world. OD is the only option available for organizations to accomplish this task. â€Å"Organizational Development (OD) is all about managing change† (Devalt, 2008). â€Å"As our children growing up, we used the tool of OD in our parenting†

Is The World Really Becoming A Global Village Essay

Is The World Really Becoming A Global Village - Essay Example This essay stresses that the majority of the world is still separated politically, economically, and culturally. People still fear the unknown, change, and those who look at the world with different perceptions and beliefs to theirs. War still rages, international crime continues, terrorist acts murder innocent people on a daily basis, and we still haven’t been able to feed the world. Why does the Western world think it has anything to offer? This paper makes a conclusion that it was not so long ago that the West smiled to itself when hearing reports telling of Chinese and Russians donning blue jeans and bopping to rock music. Somehow everyone knew that this meant that we were winning. And, perhaps, some of that confidence was justified – after all we are constantly penetrating the â€Å"enemy† through modern media, television, cinema, and the Internet. However, is the imposing of our brave new world really the best possible outcome? In time, perhaps, these barriers will be broken down as modern technology is implemented with physical networks, opening up new channels of communication. But at what price? Is man really capable of moving forwards without destroying cultures, traditions, and belief systems? Will we crush ethnic groups by enforcing our worldview in the name of progress? A look back at history doesn’t allow for much hope, and yet we must forge ahead if we are serious about becoming an inte rnational community that allows equality and the liberty of all mankind.

Analyze Thyself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze Thyself - Essay Example This essay aims to provide philosophical depth on the fashion industry, notably the ethics incorporated in the trade. The fashion industry has come in handy in adding zest to the lives of human beings and as noted by the iconic Oscar De La Renta, fashion is great, for it routinely looks forward. That notwithstanding, it is imperative for the society to take into consideration some of the ethical concerns that have been raised overtime. Most of the raw materials used in the fashion industry originate from plant and animal textile (Paulins et al 318). The herbicides used in the spraying of cotton for example, are known to cause substantial damage to the environment in terms of air, soil and water pollution. Additionally it affects the health of the workers who take part in the production of cotton as well as those of the families that reside around the plant textile fields. Henry David Thoreau once attested that it is useless to construct a fine house if there is no tolerable planet to put it on. For that reason, it is far-reaching for the industry players to embrace ethical production measures; as s uch an approach would come in handy in making certain that the future generations find their stay on earth interesting. Animal cruelty is another issue that has faced the fashion industry for a considerable duration. In as much as consumers celebrate fur products for their stylishness and their outstanding nature, human and animal activists have raised concerns over the extent to which several animals experience brutality during animal trapping and extraction of fur, leather and wool. Presently, consumer knowledge drives most of the customers to be associated with products that take into consideration most of the factors that matter in an environment (Paulins et al 322). To that effect, the industry players should work towards making sure that they understand the demands of their client base through market

The giving tree summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The giving tree summary - Essay Example The boy no longer gleamed with happiness, and this hurt the tree that had no choice but to inquire if there is anything she could do help the boy and make him happy once again. The boy, now an adolescent, desired money; therefore, the tree offered him her apples to go sell so that she could see him happy again (Silverstein, 1964). Time passed, and the boy grew into an adult and his state of unhappiness returned, and the tree inquired once again what she could do to make the boy happy. The boy responded by saying he would like to make a house and raise his family; therefore, the tree gave him her branches and both were happy again. Time passed, and the boy returned to the tree sad. Once more, the tree asked what she could do for him to make him happy and the boy told her that he needed a boat that would enable him to sail far away. Therefore, the tree offered the boy her trunk to build his boat. Both were happy, and the boy sailed off into lands unknown and never returned until he was very old (Silverstein, 1964). The tree was so happy when the boy returned in his old age, but her happiness was soon short-lived when she realized she had nothing left to give the boy. The tree explained the situation to the boy who told her that he only needed a place to sit and rest for he was old and tired. Therefore, the tree offered him her stump, and both were once again happy (Silverstein,

Abolitionism - African American Essay Example for Free

Abolitionism African American Essay With abolition is found the gateway towards freedom. The African American influence in this area was of great authority especially in rural districts such as Lancaster and Chester Counties (Pennsylvania). In these groups sometimes the blacks worked alone and sometimes they partnered with whites. With this movement, African Americans used brute force to gain what they wanted (Bordewich, 138). Abolitionism was a great aid in spearheading the rights of blacks serving as soldiers. The abolitionism movement was fueled with evangelical religion, which deemed slavery as a sin. With this motto, members of the movement (both white and black) demanded that slavery be done away with, and terminated completely (Glatthaar, 15). The abolition movement is one in which its essential existence is tied integrally with that of African Americans, for it is their freedom which is at stake and is the goal of the movement. In the abolition movement is found the beginnings of the Anti-Slavery Society that has this as its constitution, This Society shall aim to elevate the character and condition of the people of color, by encouraging their intellectual, moral and religious improvement, and by removing public prejudice, that thus they may, according to their intellectual and moral worth, share an equality with the whites, of civil and religious privileges; but this Society will never, in any way, countenance the oppressed in vindicating their rights by resorting to physical force. Here is established the beating heart of the movement, to liberate the black community, and restore to them their God-given rights as humans to live freely, without adversity, without a fundamental challenge to their worth as part of humanity. Conclusion The myriad of influences the African American culture and people had on the Civil War is vast in its subjects, from black soldiers, the abolitionists, to their role in religion, African Americans have proven that their participation in the Civil War is essential. Black soldiers were only given praise and trustworthiness after they had proven themselves in the field of battle as equal compatriots to the Northern white soldier. During the clandestine times of the Underground Railroad, African Americans showed their dedication, and their strength of will through traveling thousands of miles to be free, and then they traversed the same paths in order to allow for other fugitives to find their way to the North. In Frederick Douglass there was found a man who stood for what he believed, not only in speech, but also in action. His deliberate animosity to ignorance in owning slaves helped to fuel the fires of the abolition movement, and thus the public awareness and knowledge of what slavery truly is: a vile creature, distorted with hate, and allowed to live only through dictatorship, and autocracy. McPherson states of the Civil War, â€Å"The Lincoln administration and the Republican press, even antislavery newspapers such as the new York Tribune, declared emphatically that the purpose of the war was the restoration of the Union, and that the issues of slavery and the Negro had nothing to do with the conflict† (22). Without the establishment of the Underground Railroad, the Abolitionist movement, and the fight for freed blacks to become soldiers, the Civil War would not hold for a history about the emancipation of a race, but the unification of a country instead. The ultimate influence that the African Americans had in the Civil War was their participation in all aspects of it; they were not going to be denied their human right to be their own masters, and without their voices and contributions in the war, slavery might not be an old issue. Without the personal stories of African Americans such as Frederick Douglass then the war would be empty of freedom. As McPherson quotes of Susie King Taylor, In this ‘land of the free’ we are burned, tortured, and denied a fair trial, murdered for any imaginary wrong conceived in the brain of the negro-hating white man. There is no redress for us from a government which promised to protect all under its flag. It seems a mystery to me. They say, ‘One flag, one nation, one country indivisible. ’ Is this true? Can we say this truthfully, when one race is allowed to burn, hang, and inflict the most horrible torture weekly, monthly, on another? No, we cannot sing, ‘My country, ‘t is of thee, Sweet land of Liberty’! It is hollow mockery. The Southland laws are all on the side of the white, and they do just as they like to the negro, whether in the right or not†¦(313). African Americans made this their war. Through fortitude and strength of will, they placed their faith in the decency of the Northern states and abolitionists to see the truth of the hate and prejudice in the country. The Civil War would not be about freedom, and the extraction of the activity of slavery in America if not for African Americans. African Americans paved the way for their own rebellion by speaking up, by acting, by using their talents in the field of battle and fighting for themselves, for liberation, for their sisters, brothers, mothers, and fathers. Without the influence of African Americans, the Civil War would have been just about unification. Work Cited Bordewich, Fergus M.Bound for Canaan. The Underground Railroad and the War for The Soul of America. HarperCollins, New York. 2005. Elkins, Stanely. Slavery. University of Chicago Press. 1976. Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. The Free Press. New York, 1991. McPherson, James M. The Negro’s Civil War. Pantheon Books. New York, 1965. McPherson, James M. Ordeal by Fire. McGraw Hill. New York. 2001 Tracy, O. 2005. http://www. teacheroz. com/index. htm.

Electronic gadgets and items Essay Example for Free

Electronic gadgets and items Essay I have come to a point in life that many people have not. I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams. While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck. Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. After serious investigation and reflection I am convinced my educational goals will be far better achieved at Cornell University. My passion for engineering began at a more advanced stage in my life. I remember how I fascinated I was by electronic gadgets and items when I was in high school. I used to marvel at systems exhibiting complex movements, without an idea of the complexities involved. The broad range of motions they performed under vastly different conditions in contrast to the ease of control exhibited by the operator amazed me. I knew this was all engineering, and I knew it interested me. My intuitive nature wanted me to explore more about this field even more. Soon, I found myself attending lectures, seminars, counseling sessions and even searching for videos about engineering and other things about it. It was probably this that gave me my first thoughts about electrical and computer engineering; I, however, could not fathom that my future was headed in this direction. As the world continues to progress and new innovations are introduced daily, the role that electrical and computer engineering grows as well. Intelligence in systems is no longer a bleeding-edge technology hyped by its proponents and mistrusted by the mainstream. More and more areas of technology education—from life sciences to engineering—are embracing the tenets of the new technology, making it an increasingly mainstream concept. Scope of creativity and the trajectory of the growth Electrical and computer engineering has, influenced me to build a broader knowledge base at undergraduate level on the subjects which I have always enjoyed, from the high school levels physics and mathematics. This is the reason why I feel, I stand a good chance of finding a match for my desire and natural talent in this field. It has been said, however, that desire and natural talent are nothing if they cannot be harnessed properly. In order to harness these talents, I firmly believe that taking my major at Cornell would be the best way to achieve this. One of the many wonderful concepts I have learned from my parents is to strive for academic excellence while balancing life with other activities and contributions. It is this fine balance that I feel will be provided if I am accepted in this major at the Cornell University. I strongly feel that in order to reach my full potential I need to be in an environment that best caters to my interests and goals. I have learned from my parents two â€Å"laws†: the law of learning and the law of giving. I believe the more you learn the more open you become for learning. I am convinced this University is a great fit for â€Å"the law of learning. That is why I believe that this move is a crucial step for me. My success and my accomplishments here will herald the beginning of the fulfillment of my personal and professional goals. It is said that the one thing that nobody can ever take away from you is your education and that is the one thing that I plan to not only gain for myself but for others as well. I have learned from my parents the critical importance of the law of giving, and I am both attracted and committed to this model of community service, particularly that â€Å"students apply skills to effect social change. † Though I got perfect grades, my natural Instinct is what I value the most. Looking at Cornells school of electrical and computer engineering, I sense that my interests and talents will be best realized and developed throughout the way. a good teacher is someone whos really gone out of the way to engage a student it is comments and reviews like such from Cornells prestigious alumni which makes me believe that everyone in such a learning environment would care so much about growth of a student. This is my reason for pursuing this opportunity to become part of the rich academic environment that Cornell University has to offer. As the world continues to change and the workplace becomes more and more challenging and competitive, it becomes imperative for anyone looking for a successful career to not only have the drive to succeed but also the training and expertise to do so. I am not saying that I do not have the training and expertise at the moment but I do believe that there is still room for more. The world is fast becoming a borderless place. Cultures, races, beliefs and ideologies are blend together and interact because of the growing advances in communications. In order to succeed in this world, one needs to be able to adapt to the various cultural differences as well as be able to maintain a certain sense of individual identity. My former school did not have the same diversity that I see environment where cultural diversity is promoted. This is why I believe that this educational environment is the perfect place for me. Not only does this University exceed my expectations but it is also enjoys a global reputation. While I personally believe that â€Å"there is no such thing as a free lunch† and that everything a person has in life must come from hard work and perseverance, I also believe in charity. I believe in helping others who do not have much in life. I believe in helping people regardless of their nation, race or creed. I believe in being a better person so I can best help myself and others around me. I believe that this academic environment is the best place for me to turn these beliefs into realities. I am fully aware of the significance of being considered for acceptance, and I am sincerely grateful for your time and consideration of my application.

Impact of IMF Policies on China Financial Security

Impact of IMF Policies on China Financial Security Financial crisis swept over the world rapidly last three years. The globalisation and the developed of the derivatives have dramatically changed the whole financial market. The rate of global economic growth was continuing decrease. The economy, particularly financial services sectors suffered a critical strike, which a few investment bank, such as Lehman Brothers Holdings went bankrupt. As one of the largest financial institutions, International Monetary Fund must play more significant role in every areas of finance, especially for financial stability. The members of IMF should following three obligations regarding the abolition of exchange restrictions: Avoidance of restrictions upon current payment. Avoidance of discriminatory currency practices. Convertibility of foreign-held balances. It means IMF has the obligation that protects or makes the whole financial stability. China got a high mark in the process of coping with the financial crisis. The banking in China had a favourable performance, which was a viewpoint by CBRC President Liu Kangming. He pointed that China government had taken a package of measures to stimulate the economy. In the crisis, Chinas banking sectors overall performance, large commercial banks continued to improve profitability, and risk control ability was improved. The role of monetary policy should more significant, meanwhile, the capital market cannot relayed on which being the main source of fund. Between IMF and financial stability of China, it should exists inevitable connection which could impact on banking, credit and insurance. Through the relative research and data analysis, a quantity of experiences and lessons can be summarized and demonstrated, which will advantage other areas of the whole economy to exploit new ways or thinking. Besides, it may become reference to the future. The background of the dissertation Every nation like China is faced with financial management problems to which their business industry should be able to attend to in order to take the economy to move especially during the times of crisis that the global communities are facing. Thus, key financial decisions normally confront the nation leaders in issues and problems that concerns financial investments they usually provide answer to the problems in economy. But despite of this, China remains to be a fortunate, strong economy with a per capita GDP almost similar with the four dominant West European economies (Conway, 2005). Given the importance on low inflation, reforms, a housing market boom, and excellent bonds with other countries like Australia have been essential variables over the course of the economies years of expansion (Conway, 2005). With regards to the current standing of global market and global finance, the current global recession is one of the problems experienced not only in the United States and the United Kingdom but also by the global economy and of course China since their business operation was affected. Today, businesses around the globe work in a more obscured, and more synchronized situation. The monetary policies and practices of China was also affected including their relationship to IMF. The premeditated undertaking, then, is to construct a distinguishing way ahead, using whatsoever core competencies and assets at its discarding, against the environment and control of the situation. Through these distinguishing potentials the organisation look for sustainable competitive plus. With regards to economy of China, financial evaluation and implementation of new strategies can be a demanding exercise. With this, it is difficult to foresee what the future holds (e.g. the actual future outcome may be entirely unexpected), i.e. to foresee what the scenarios are, and to assign probabilities to them; and this is true of the general forecasts never mind the implied financial market returns. However, this is an important procedure because it enables China to make decisions that will be advantageous and beneficial (Lecavalier Santor, 2007). In addition, organisations that are open to change and willing to counter the current financial crisis are generally more successful compare to those who resist it. On the other hand, leadership in accordance to power focuses on the techniques and expertise of efficient organisation, planning, direction, financial planning, credit assessment and control of the operations of a business is really vital. 1.2 Aim and objectives The aim is to analyse the policies and measures of IMF which impact on China financial stability. With respect to the aim of the study, this paper also seeks to attain the following objectives: To research the policies of IMF to China, besides that, those to developing countries should be necessary; To research how China financial services sectors do, especially banking; To analyse how much influence IMF has to these financial services sectors; To analyse the data which IMF and China banking published 1.3 Data and methods The research method depicted in this research is based on both quantitative and qualitative method. The qualitative method permits an iterative and flexible ways, while the quantitative research method lets dependent and independent variables requirement and also allows for longitudinal gauges of ensuing feat of the research subject. Throughout information assembling the preference and plan of methods are continuously tailored, based on current analysis. This allows examination of significant latest issues and questions as they arise, and let the researchers to slump fruitless parts of study from the original research map. Actually, the methods used in this study offer many advantages due to the nature of this study. First of all, for many research questions and objectives, the benefits lie in the enormous saving in resources especially time and money (Saunders et al. 2003, p.200). Actually, this research considers secondary researches due to budget constraint and time limitation. Actually, secondary data provides incomparable benefit that primary data cannot offer. These have generated useful references and have provided a good starting point for formulate and generate ideas. For instance, data includes textbooks related China monetary practices, IMF, financial industry, and government white paper and financial websites. Those data has already been collected and provides an unobtrusive measure. All the sources are quite reliable. Secondly, secondary data may be the only viable choice for many aspects of this research due to the nature in itself. Many psychology data and aggregate data are not likely t o be collected by the author; rather, secondary data from previous researches make this research with easy access. For example, many high quality national newspapers and journal articles being published are permanent and available in a form that may be checked relatively easily. 1.4 Dissertation structure As for the dissertation structure, this paper was broken down into 3 key stages; research problem identification, collection and analysis of information, and Synthesis of information and generation of recommendations. Stage 1: Research Problem Identification In this stage, the researcher considers the exact focus of the problem to be researched. Actually, this engages examination of existing research, practices and theory from genuine literature. This procedure helps the researcher put together empirical findings and theoretical perspectives with the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s understanding about problem in the study. This will also help the researcher distinguish the problem feature and learn more about. Stage 2: Collection and Analysis of Data In the second stage, the researcher collected and analyse the data gathered for the purposes of recognizing significant contextual/cultural variables detailed to their setting predominantly in monetary setting. In addition, the evaluation of monetary practices in China and analysis of the policies imposed by IMF are done in this stage. These information enable this research and the researcher to achieve a specific understanding of the problem. Stage 3: Synthesis of Data and Generation of Recommendations In this third stage, the researcher synthesised findings from the previous stages and pertinent previous study. The main centre of this stage is to review these data to amend current hypotheses and account for different factors, in addition to generating recommendations based on new understandings and results. During this stage, culture-specific and research-based recommendations for action are produced. For this study, the researcher focused on the monetary practices of China and IMF policies imposed to borrowing countries. Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction As a response for the global financial crises, the national and international institutions are pushed to create a sound strategy wherein all their knowledge be incorporated thus monitoring and predicting the flow of the financial elements. With the use of wide array of instruments, the assessment on the financial system is found to be based on the analytical practice. The financial stability is difficult to pulse whenever there is an existing financial crisis, and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s getting worse when the crises created a direct impact in the country. 2.2 Related Study of International Monetary Fund According to the history of the international monetary system, 1990s is the most considered time where there is an existence of the hyperinflations and been passed through the different picture of crises in Mexico and Asia. Even the Russia experienced the international financial infection. In each effected episodes of the countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial aspect, the impact participated in the savings and investment, employment, and the purchasing power. Many economists pulled their profession in building the specific solution against the crises and their effects as well. This is the birth of the International Monetary Policy or IMF as the first approach in the crises that plagued the international economy (Conway, 2005). Still, some analysts argued that the approach in the IMF is archaic decision most especially in an era of an international mobility. The present crises shows the different faces of doubts, and it would make the private financial markets suffer from the imperfect information and problems of collective action (Henning, 2009). The assessment of the various financial analysts, business interpreters, and economists, they believe that the effectiveness of the IMF in the new century is on the reform f the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions, role and governance structure. The idea is around the consideration of six elements namely, (1) quota, voice, and representation, (2) internal governance, (3) surveillance, (4) lending instruments, (5) finances, and (6) the role of the IMF in the low-income countries (Lecavalier Santor, 2007). 2.3 The Function of IMF and the Role IMF Plays The IMF was identified as the provider of the valuable forecasts, served as the advisor of appropriate policy, and acted as the coordinated management through the financing packages whenever there is an implication of crises and assists the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s adjustment and economic strategies. Through these various characteristics, it is common for the approach to be under the criticisms and be a candidate to tests its ability for a rapid response to the financial crises (Conway, 2005). The appropriate response and the rapid action is the most inevitable requirement in every country to pass through the financial tempest. Obviously, emerging markets face sudden freeze in their capital inflows even if their governments have been pursuing appropriate policies. Based on the basic purpose of the IMF in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world economy, the IMF enables the members to maintain and extend the international economic openness and other strategic adjustments. The role of the IMF extends well beyond providing official finance such as monitoring the international monetary system, fostering the negotiations among the members over the macroeconomic policy in coordination and payments adjustment and pursuing the economic policies. The roles that IMF plays are important, most especially in reducing the impact of the financial crises. But the ability to mobilize the financial resources is the central of the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions (Henning, 2009). 2.4 IMF Financial Soundness Indicators: Core and Encouraged The need for better data and tools to monitor the various financial risks and vulnerabilities in the national systems is pursued and gave to the new area of work called Financial Soundness Indicators or FSI. The IMF has been collecting the various monetary statistics from the participating countries. All of the information gathered admittedly not being focused on the compilation of the soundness and risk information. Translating the needed data based on the information needs careful investigation and be under the assessment to provide the aggregate soundness and risk. In the beginning, the experts and officials of countries collaborated in organizing the call for a process. All the participants agreed that there is indeed, a need for sound information and a number of important indicators and that should be compiled. From the conducted survey of the IMF during the middle of 2000, there was a strong response from over 100 participating countries that allows the IMF to set a core standa rd regarding the financial soundness indicators. In addition, there is an alignment for the countries on what kind or type of information that the country should compile which can be also depends on the national circumstances. After the several rounds of extensive consultations along with the experts, finally, the IMF completed the guide for the indicators they needed. The Compilation Guide: Financial Soundness Indicators or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the Guideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? was published by the IMF that details the concepts and definition, and sources and techniques to serve as the guidance of the participating countries. The Guide was produced to help the countries in compiling and disseminating the information wherein it allows the country to establish the method of comparing the indictors that could provide the valuable information. In the end of the process, the country can have the current soundness of the aggregate financial system (San Jose, Krueger, Khay, 2008). The use of Guide is considered as highly innovative method through the combination of the elements of macroeconomic frameworks, including the monetary statistics, bank supervisory framework, and international financing accounting standards. The use of the provided definitions measures the soundness or risk such as the capital adequacy, exposure to market risk, market fair value in accounting, balance sheet positions of the banks, and many others. The financial reliability gauges/indicators offered two sets known as the core and encouraged sets: The core of the financial soundness indicators is related to the five basic areas relevant to the point of view of banking business shortened in the method called CAMELS as part of the institutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ assessment of capital adequacy, asset quality, management soundness, earnings, liquidity, and the sensitivity to market risk. The main goal of the FSI is again, for the international comparability that guarantees the all countries that they will use the same applied method. However, the international comparability is limited to some differences at national level, most especially in accounting standards and the data needed in calculating the FSI (GerÃ…Â ¡l HeÃ…â„ ¢mÃÆ' ¡ne, 2006). 2.5 The Conclusion The most important part of assessing the stability of the financial system is the use of the appropriate number of quantitative indicators and the combination of the approaches. The involvement of the financial soundness indicators is one of the best developments in the International Monetary Fund. The compilation of the financial stability indicators and its related information facilitates the assessment through the single method wherein the countries can possibly compare their data among the others.

Marion Pritchard :: essays research papers

MARION PRITCHARD Marion Pritchard was born in Amsterdam, Holland in 1920. Her father was a judge who treated her with love, respect and caring. Her mother lived in Britain. Marion would visit her mother who resided there. Marion watched the German invasion on May 10, 1940, and as anti-Semitic laws were passed, she told her Jewish friends to escape or to hide. Her father was not Jewish; however, he was disappointed that the Dutch government did not do more to help Jewish refugees. As Hitler rose to power she watched many children being thrown into trucks which encouraged her assist in the rescue effort. Marion remembered two soldiers joking about picking up small children by the arms, legs, and hair, and tossing them around. In 1942 she took in the Polak family and hid them in a tiny space under her living room. Her friends would give her milk and other healthy foods to feed the Jews. One night a Dutch police officer acting for the Nazi regime knocked on her door very early in the morning. A neighbor had reported that she was hiding a Jewish family. She knew she would be sent to a concentration camp along with the Polak family if they were found. Marion believed that it was either the officer or the children, and so she shot the officer. Afterwards, a gay Jew ballet teacher took the dead body out of Marion’s house at night and took it in a cart to the undertaker. The undertaker put the officer’s body in a coffin which was soon to be buried. Marion was lucky that the police officer was not missed. She hid over 150 people from the Nazis but some Jews were found and killed. The Nazi army murdered about 110,000 of the Netherlands’ 140,000 Jewish citizens. After the war was over the Polaks came out of hiding. The mother who had been separated from the Polak family was reunited with them. Marion decided to work for the United Nations relief and Rehabilitation Administration’s Displaced Persons camps to find her Jewish friends.

Original Wedding Toasts †Groom to Bride, Bride to Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Original Wedding Toasts – Groom to Bride, Bride to Groom Happiness When I was poor, too poor to buy you candies or fresh flowers, We still shared the moon. You taught me that happiness is a chain reaction of love. One who has awakened to love does not cling to lesser things. Golden Heart With infinite affection, and infinite care, and a golden heart. You have taught me, when you bring forth the love within you, it transforms you. I Have Become Whole In your love is my peace, it is the sea into which all currents flow, for all eternity. Through your love I have healed myself, and thus I have become whole. One Hidden Thing Everything is made of one hidden thing. It flows through all things, inside and outside. It is only with the heart that this thing can be seen. This thing called love. Darkness of the Ages First I had to learn to trust my own judgement, Then I had to find the courage to follow true love’s path. Now, the darkness of the ages cannot hide love's brilliant light. Silence In every relationship, silence is the greatest teacher. The Look of Love When you look for love, love is in the look of your eyes. My Promise to You Awareness of every thought and feeling, understanding of every motive, allowing love to blossom. This is my promise to you. Just to Love Just to be is a blessing. Just to love is holy. Searching for What I Already Had For some time I was a person riding an ox, looking for an ox to ride on. I’m happy to have finally come to my senses. The Raindrop For the raindrop, joy is entering the river. For the lover, joy is being in love. Like the raindrop, May our love soar up to the sky above, And last forever. Ture Lover The true lover rises and sleeps, works and plays, buys and sells, and never forgets the love for a single moment My Wife Instead of running from one desire to another, It is better to stop and examine the nature of desire. You, my wife, are my whole love and desire. You are all mine, and I all yours. I Will Surrender May we never argue, But if we argue, I promise to you that I will surrender, I will surrender so that we may both win. Cleverness I’m happy that I finally sold my cleverness to buy enchanment in your arms. Here’s to the wings of love: May they never lose a feather. Compassion Compassion is the essence of marriage. To my bride: she knows all about me and loves me just the same. Here's to the woman that rules my heart.